Dandruff ( seborrhoeic capitis )

Dandruff, also medically known as Seborrheic capitis, is a common skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and flaky skin on the scalp. The exact cause of seborrheic capitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of factors:

1. Yeast Overgrowth: The presence of a yeast called Malassezia on the scalp is thought to play a significant role in seborrheic dermatitis. An overgrowth of this yeast can lead to an inflammatory response, causing the characteristic symptoms.
2. Sebum Production: Sebum is the natural oil produced by the skin. Excessive production of sebum can contribute to the development of seborrheic capitis.
3. Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing seborrheic dermatitis, making them more susceptible to the condition.
4. Environmental Factors: Certain environmental factors, such as cold weather, stress, and hormonal changes, can trigger or worsen the symptoms of seborrheic capitis.

It's worth noting that seborrheic capitis can also occur in infants, commonly referred to as "cradle cap." In infants, the condition is usually harmless and tends to resolve on its own within a few months.